Babylon1
Babylon (bàb´e-len, -lòn´)
1. The capital of ancient Babylonia in Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River. Established as capital c. 1750 B.C. and rebuilt in regal splendor by Nebuchadnezzar II after its destruction (c. 689 B.C.) by the Assyrians, Babylon was the site of the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
2. A community of southeast New York on the southwest coast of Long Island. It is mainly residential. Population, 12,388.
Babylon2
Babylon (bàb´e-len, -lòn´) noun
1. A city or place of great luxury, sensuality, and often vice and corruption.
2. A place of captivity or exile.
Babylon (n.) - corrupt society, government and institutions, as an oppressive force; the police, as agents of.
Babylon (ancient city)
Babylon (ancient city), major city of the ancient world, located 90 km (56 mi) south of present-day Baghdâd, Iraq. About 2200 BC Babylon was known as the site of a temple, and during the 21st century BC it was subject to the nearby city of Ur. Babylon became an independent city-state by 1894 BC, when the Amorite Sumu-abum founded a dynasty there. This dynasty reached its high point in the 18th century BC under
Hammurabi. In 1595 BC the city was captured by Hittites, and it later came under the control of the Kassite dynasty (1590?-1155 BC). The Kassites expanded Babylon into the country of Babylonia and made the city the religious and administrative center of this kingdom.
From the late 8th century BC until Nabopolassar expelled the Assyrians, between 626 and 615 BC, the city was part of the Assyrian Empire. Nabopolassar founded the neo-Babylonian dynasty, and his son Nebuchadnezzar II expanded the kingdom. In 539 BC Cyrus the Great incorporated Babylonia into the newly founded Persian Empire. Alexander the Great captured the city in 330 BC. Later it was used as a capital by the Seleucid dynasty set up by Alexander's successors. In the early 3rd century BC most of Babylon's population was moved to a new capital, and the city almost disappeared before the coming of Islam in the 7th century AD.
Babylon is best known for Esagila, the temple of Marduk; Etemenanki, a seven-storied ziggurat; and the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, which Nebuchadnezzar II built for his wife.
Babylonian Captivity
Babylonian Captivity or Babylonian Exile, term applied to the period between the deportation of the Jews from Palestine to Babylon, which took place in two parts, by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II and their release in 538 BC by the Persian king Cyrus the Great. The majority of Jews living in Babylon did not return to Palestine at the end of the exile period, but became a part of the
Diaspora, or body of Jews dispersed among nations outside Palestine.
World History
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
These gardens were laid out on a brick terrace about 400 ft square and 75 ft above the ground. To irrigate the trees, shrubs, and flowers, screws were turned to lift
water from the Euphrates R. The gardens were probably built by King Nebuchadnezzar II about 600 bc. The Walls of Babylon, long, thick, and made of colorfully glazed brick, were considered by some among the Seven Wonders.
Religion, 1930
Rastafarians in Jamaica, British West Indies, hail the new Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie (see 1930) as the living God, the fulfillment of a prophesy by Marcus M. Garvey who is said to have declared, "Look to Africa, where a black king shall be crowned, for the day of deliverance is near". Members of the new sect will withdraw from Jamaican society, call white religion a rejection of black culture, insist that blacks must leave "Babylon" (the Western world) and return to Africa, and contribute to Jamaican culture (notably to the island's reggae music), but Rasta extremists will traffic in ganja (marijuana) and engage in acts of violence.
Medicine, 1080
Medical research progresses at the Benedictine school associated with the monastery established at Monte Cassino in 529. Arabian, Jewish, and Greco-Roman medical works are translated into Latin by Constantine the African, a physician who has studied medicine and
magic at Babylon and who is now disguised as a monk. His translations of Galen and Avicenna help to emancipate medicine from the religious bonds that have held it.
Political Events, 323 B.C.
Alexander the Great dies at Babylon at age 32, and a 42-year struggle begins that will be called the Wars of the Diadochi (successors). Alexander's generals, Antigonus, Antipater, Seleucus, Ptolemy, Eumenes, and Lysimachus, contest control of the Macedonian Empire.
Popular Culture
Popular culture is the new Babylon, into which so much art and intellect now
flow. It is our imperial sex theater, supreme temple of the western eye. We live in the age of idols. The pagan past, never dead, flames again in our mystic hierarchies of stardom.
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